EXAM NUMBER___________
STRUCTURAL BASIS OF MEDICAL PRACTICE
EXAMINATION I
September 2, 2004
PART l. Answer in the space provided. (7 pts)
1. Identify the innervation. (0.5 pt)
a.____Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve______
2. Identify the structures. (0.5 pt)
a.__Costal facet___________
3. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.___Obturator externus_______________________________
4. Identify the structure. (1 pt)
a.___Pectineus________________________________
b.___Deep femoral artery/vein _______________
5. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.____Tibialis posterior________________________
6. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.___Semimembranosus______________________________
7. Identify the structure. (1 pt)
a.____Flexor digitorum longus__________________________
b.____Flexor retinaculum__________________________
8. Identify the structure. (1 pt)
a._____First dorsal interosseous muscle_________________________
b._____Quadratus plantae_________________________
9. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.____Hemiazygous vein___________________________
10. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.______Lesser splanchnic nerve_______________________________
11. Identify the structure. (0.5 pt)
a.____Anterior tibial recurrent artery__________________________
Part II. Circle the correct answer. All, none, or some may apply. (22pts)
1. With respect to the nervous system:
a. There is a gray ramus at the level of T2.
b. The somatic efferents of the femoral nerve consist of pre- and post-ganglionic neurons.
c. The parietal layer of serous pericardium is innervated by the phrenic nerve.
d. Parasympathetic innervation to the heart dilates the coronary arteries.
e. The deep cardiac plexus is located on the anterior surface of the tracheal bifurcation.
f. The myocardium is innervated by the somatic nervous system.
g. Post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are generally quite long compared to pre-ganglionic neurons.
h. Preganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve do not synapse in the sympathetic trunk.
2. With regard to the subinguinal/thigh region:
a. The femoral sheath encloses the femoral nerve.
b. The femoral canal is cone-shaped, with its base, the femoral ring, facing into the abdomen.
c. The superior gluteal artery contributes to the cruciate anastomosis.
d. The descending genicular artery can be found in the adductor canal.
e. The medial femoral circumflex artery arises from the medial aspect of the profunda (deep) femoral artery and turns posteriorly between the pectineus and adductor longus muscles.
f One of the heads of the rectus femoris, as well as the inguinal ligament, arise from the anterior inferior iliac spine.
3. With respect to the lungs and ventilation:
a. The right pulmonary artery is longer than the left pulmonary artery.
b. The cardiac notch is an area that can be utilized to introduce a needle into the pericardial sac without penetrating the pleural cavity.
c. A bronchopulmonary segment consists of a 2nd order bronchus, lung tissue, and the pulmonary artery.
d. The inferior margin of the parietal pleura is at the level of T10 in the midaxillary line.
e. The left principal bronchus is smaller in diameter, and twice as long, as the right principal bronchus.
f. The right bronchial vein empties into the azygous vein.
4. With respect to the gluteal region:
a. The superior and inferior gemelli originate from the ischial tuberosity.
b. From the posterior perspective, the obturator externus muscle lies deep to the quadratus femoris.
c. The superior and inferior gemelli, piriformis, and gluteus minimus are all innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
d. The internal pudendal artery exits the greater sciatic foramen on the superior border of the piriformis muscle and enters the lesser sciatic foramen on the inferior border of the piriformis muscle.
e. The sciatic nerve courses through the greater sciatic foramen.
f. A lesion (abnormality) of the left superior gluteal nerve will cause the pelvis to tilt to the right when the right limb is raised off the ground.
4. In regard to the thigh/popliteal fossa:
a. The popliteal artery commences at the adductor hiatus as the continuation of the femoral artery.
b. The medial sural cutaneous nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve.
c. The adductor magnus forms a boundary of the popliteal fossa.
d. The profunda (deep) femoris vein enters the popliteal fossa.
e. A characteristic of a hamstring muscle is innervation by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve.
f. The medial inferior genicular artery pass medialward on the head of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
5. In the thorax:
a. The esophagus is narrowed where it crosses the left bronchus.
b. The right vagus nerve travels posterior to the root of the right lung.
c. The arch of the aorta reaches the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra.
d. The esophageal plexus is formed by the vagal nerves.
e. In the posterior mediastinum, the thoracic duct lies deep to the aorta.
f. The azygous vein ascends in the posterior mediastinum to the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra, when it terminates into the superior vena cava.
6. In the foot:
a. The oblique head of the adductor hallucis is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve.
b. The arcuate artery runs deep to the tendons of the flexor digitorum brevis and longus.
c. The medial and lateral calcaneal arteries arise from the dorsalis pedis artery.
d. The 1st lumbrical muscle is innervated by the medial plantar nerve.
e. The flexor digitorum brevis and flexor digitorum longus form, in part, the extensor expansion.
f. The lateral plantar artery is a branch of the anterior tibial artery.
7. With respect to the lower extremity:
a. Gravity passes in front of the hip and behind the knee and the ankle.
b. The iliofemoral ligament arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine.
c. The popliteus muscle can rotate the tibia when the leg is off the ground.
d. The tibionavicular ligament is part of the deltoid ligament.
e. The subtalar joint is related to the talus and calcaneus.
f. The tendon of the flexor hallucis longus lies deep to the sustentaculum tali.
Short Answer Key 090204
1. Saphenous Opening
Deficit in Fascia Lata
Opening in which venous drainage of lower extremity empties into the Femoral vein
Deficit filled with Cribiform fascia
Superior boundary is the superior cornu, inferior boundary is the inferior cornu
and lateral boundary is the falciform margin. Veins which empty into the femoral vein include the great saphenous vein,
superficial external pudendal vein, inferior epigastric vein and the superficial circumflex iliac vein
2. Lymphatic Drainage of the Lung
Pulmonary nodes to bronchopulmonary nodes to tracheobronchial nodes with paratracheal and parasternal nodes, to bronchomediastinal nodes. Lymph now is returned by two routes depending upon right and left sides. Right side by way of right lymphatic duct and left side by way of the thoracic duct.
3. Medial Meniscus
C-shaped, semicircular fibrocartilaginous pad located between the medial condyle and tibial plateau. Attached to the tibial collateral and anterior cruciate ligament. Located within the joint. “Unhappy triad”
4. Adductor Magnus
Origin: Inferior pubic ramus and ramus of ischium/ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior shaft of femur at the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle
Action: Adduct thigh and assists with lateral rotation and extends thigh at hip
Innervation: Obturator nerve and tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Blood Supply: Profunda femoris artery by way of the perforating artery
Adductor hiatus
5. Ligamentum Capitis
Attaches to fovea capitis and to transverse acetabular ligament and acetabular notch. Located within joint. Limits adduction. Contains blood supply from posterior obturator artery. Damage to arterial supply can lead to avascular necrosis.
6. Insertion of Flexor muscles into the 3rd Digit
Flexor digitorum longus inserts into the distal phalanx. Flexor digitorum brevis inserts into the middle phalanx after splitting to allow the long tendon of flexor digitorum longus to reach the distal phalanx. Lumbricals flex at the MP joint and insert onto the extensor expansion
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